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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Automatic Computing Engine</span></h1>
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<p>L'<b>Automatic Computing Engine</b> (<b>ACE</b>) est un design d'<a href="Ordinateur_%C3%A0_programme_enregistr%C3%A9" title="Ordinateur à programme enregistré">ordinateurs à programme enregistré</a>, conçu par <a href="Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a><sup id="cite_ref-Turing1936_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Turing1936-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pilot_ACE">Pilot ACE</h2></div>
<p>Le <b>Pilot ACE</b> (<b>A</b>utomatic <b>C</b>omputing <b>E</b>ngine (ACE)) est le prototype du premier <a href="Ordinateur" title="Ordinateur">ordinateur</a> construit au <a href="Royaume-Uni" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a>. Il a été assemblé et mis au point par le <a href="National_Physical_Laboratory" title="National Physical Laboratory">National Physical Laboratory</a> (NPL) en <a href="1950" title="1950">1950</a>. Cette machine programmable fut le premier calculateur capable d'exécuter des calculs en <a href="Virgule_flottante" title="Virgule flottante">virgule flottante</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="MOSAIC">MOSAIC</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bendix_G-15">Bendix G-15</h2></div>
<p>Le <b>Bendix-G15</b> est un ordinateur qui a été créé en 1956 par la compagnie Bendix à <a href="Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> en <a href="Californie" title="Californie">Californie</a>. Il pesait environ 450 kg.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2></div>
<div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:35em;"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Turing1936-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Turing1936_1-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Turing1936"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alan_M._Turing1936">Alan M. <span class="nom_auteur">Turing</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem</cite> », <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> série, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 42, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1, <time>1936</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">230–65</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230">10.1112/plms/s2-42.1.230</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+Computable+Numbers%2C+with+an+Application+to+the+Entscheidungsproblem&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+London+Mathematical+Society&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Turing&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rft.date=1936&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=230%E2%80%9365&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1112%2Fplms%2Fs2-42.1.230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Copeland2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="B._J._Copeland2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a href="Jack_Copeland" title="Jack Copeland">B. J. <span class="nom_auteur">Copeland</span></a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique" lang="en">Alan Turing's Automatic Computing Engine : the master codebreaker's struggle to build the modern computer</cite>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, <time>2005</time>, 553 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">978-0-19-856593-2</span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alan+Turing%27s+Automatic+Computing+Engine&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=the+master+codebreaker%27s+struggle+to+build+the+modern+computer&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=B.+J.&rft.date=2005&rft.tpages=553&rft.isbn=978-0-19-856593-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Turing1938"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alan_M._Turing1938">Alan M. <span class="nom_auteur">Turing</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem: A correction</cite> », <i>Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="deuxième">2<sup>e</sup></abbr> série, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 43, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 6, <time>1938</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">544–6</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/s2-43.6.544">10.1112/plms/s2-43.6.544</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+Computable+Numbers%2C+with+an+Application+to+the+Entscheidungsproblem%3A+A+correction&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+London+Mathematical+Society&rft.issue=6&rft.aulast=Turing&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rft.date=1938&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=544%E2%80%936&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1112%2Fplms%2Fs2-43.6.544&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/archive/index/mosaicindex.html">"Catalogue: The MOSAIC Computer"</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CarpenterDoran1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="B._E._CarpenterR._W._Doran1977">B. E. <span class="nom_auteur">Carpenter</span> et R. W. <span class="nom_auteur">Doran</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">The other Turing machine</cite> », <i>The Computer
Journal</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 20, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 3, <time>1977</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">269–279</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class=" noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/20.3.269">10.1093/comjnl/20.3.269</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/content/20/3/269.abstract">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+other+Turing+machine&rft.jtitle=The+Computer%0AJournal&rft.issue=3&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Doran%2C+R.+W.&rft.date=1977&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=269%E2%80%93279&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcomjnl%2F20.3.269&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomjnl.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F20%2F3%2F269.abstract&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="CarpenterDoran1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="B._E._CarpenterR._W._Doran1986">B. E. <span class="nom_auteur">Carpenter</span> et R. W. <span class="nom_auteur">Doran</span>, <cite class="italique">A. M. Turing's ACE Report of 1946 and Other Papers</cite>, Cambridge, MIT Press, <time>1986</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A.+M.+Turing%27s+ACE+Report+of+1946+and+Other+Papers&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=B.+E.&rft.au=Doran%2C+R.+W.&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Copeland2006"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jack_Copeland2006"><a href="Jack_Copeland" title="Jack Copeland">Jack <span class="nom_auteur">Copeland</span></a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">Colossus : The Secrets of Bletchley Park's Codebreaking Computers</cite>, Oxford, Oxford University Press, <time>2006</time>, 108–110 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <span class="nowrap">978-0-19-284055-4</span>)</small>, « Colossus and the Rise of the Modern Computer »<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colossus+%3A+The+Secrets+of+Bletchley+Park%27s+Codebreaking+Computers&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.aulast=Copeland&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=108%E2%80%93110&rft.isbn=978-0-19-284055-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="WilkinsonMetropolisHowlettRota1980"><span class="ouvrage" id="J._H._WilkinsonNicholas_MetropolisJ._HowlettG.-C._Rota1980">J. H. <span class="nom_auteur">Wilkinson</span>, Nicholas <span class="nom_auteur">Metropolis</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), J. <span class="nom_auteur">Howlett</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>) et G.-C. <span class="nom_auteur">Rota</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">A History of Computing in the Twentieth Century</cite>, New York, Academic Press, <time>1980</time>, « Turing's Work at the National Physical Laboratory and the Construction of Pilot ACE, DEUCE and ACE »<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Computing+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft.au=Metropolis%2C+Nicholas&rft.au=Howlett%2C+J.&rft.au=Rota%2C+G.-C.&rft.date=1980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Yates1997"><span class="ouvrage" id="David_M._Yates1997">David M. <span class="nom_auteur">Yates</span>, <cite class="italique">Turing's Legacy : A History of Computing at the National Physical Laboratory, 1945-1995</cite>, Londres, Science Museum, <time>1997</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turing%27s+Legacy+%3A+A+History+of+Computing+at+the+National+Physical+Laboratory%2C+1945-1995&rft.place=Londres&rft.pub=Science+Museum&rft.aulast=Yates&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft.date=1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAutomatic+Computing+Engine"></span></span></span></span>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.umn.edu/107241">Oral history interview with Donald W. Davies</a>, Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Davies describes computer projects at the U.K. National Physical Laboratory, from the 1947 design work of <a href="Alan_Turing" title="Alan Turing">Alan Turing</a> to the development of the two ACE computers. Davies discusses a much larger, second ACE, and the decision to contract with <a href="English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a> Company to build the DEUCE -- possibly the first commercially produced computer in Great Britain.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/server.php?show=nav.296">Events in the history of NPL — ACE computer</a></li></ul>
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